The American Space Network reported that in the next five years or so, scientists will find evidence that space-time will be distorted in the form of gravitational waves. About 100 years ago, Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity predicted the existence of this gravitational wave, but scientists have not directly observed it.
If the most advanced and sensitive gravitational wave search instruments are used, this situation may change. "There is so much research going on in this field at the moment, which is really exciting." Astronomer Mansi M. Kasliwal of the Carnegie Institute of Science Observatory in Pasadena, California, USA Said. Casrior's study describing the rapidly growing gravitational wave field was published in the May 2 issue of Science.
According to the general theory of relativity, huge celestial bodies will twist the time and space surrounding them, just like a bowling ball falling on a thin rubber skin, causing celestial bodies passing by, even light, to travel along a curved path. When two extremely dense celestial bodies, such as neutron stars (the stars are so dense that protons and electrons in atoms collapse to form neutrons) or black holes, they appear to surround each other in pairs, and the interaction between them will weave in time and space There is ripple on the surface, which is called gravitational wave. When two neutron stars or black holes are merged together, the most powerful gravitational waves are generated.
Artist impression: two gravitational waves formed around a black hole.
These gravitational waves will be detected by the advanced gravitational wave observatory (LIGO) and Virgo. These two experimental observatories will be launched in 2017. They will use giant L-shaped detectors located in Louisiana, Washington, and Italy to search for the length of the detector arms because the gravitational waves penetrate. At the corner of the "L" shape, the laser beam splits into two beams, traverses back and forth at two arms (one 2 kilometers apart and one 4 kilometers apart) and is reflected at the mirror at the end of the arm end. If the gravitational wave passes through, it will stretch and compress the length of the arms, the specific length varies according to the direction of advancement, resulting in a very small but detectable difference in the length of the arms.
The initial versions of LIGO and Virgo are already running, but gravitational waves cannot be detected because the sensitivity is not high enough. However, as they upgrade to a higher sensitivity, they will reveal hidden gravitational waves for the first time. These observations will not only prove the existence of gravitational waves, but also provide unprecedented information about the rare extreme cosmic phenomena that produce gravitational waves.
Advanced experiments will observe gravitational waves, "I think this kind of credibility is very high," Kasriwo said. "At present, the sensitivity of the detector has reached a certain level, that is, if Einstein's general theory of relativity is correct, we should be able to observe the existence of gravitational waves." Casrivo estimates that these experiments can detect 4 to 400 gravitational waves. "If we get nothing, then we must rethink our understanding of gravity."
If scientists do observe gravitational waves, then this may trigger collaboration among scientists around the world in an attempt to find the source of gravitational waves in the sky. By comparing the signals found by different detectors around the world, scientists can better understand the source of these gravitational waves. Scientists can then use appropriate telescopes to observe and search for flashes at the same time, potentially finding more clues about what happened when the black hole collided. "If you see a coincidence in space and a coincidence in time, this is definitely a new phenomenon we have never observed."
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