There are two main forms of diabetes: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is also known as young-onset diabetes because it often develops before the age of 35, accounting for less than 10% of diabetics. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a lack of insulin secretion, and patients need to use insulin for life, which means that patients need insulin therapy from the onset of the disease and use it for life. The reason for this is that cells of the pancreas producing insulin in type 1 diabetes have been completely damaged, thereby completely losing the function of producing insulin.
Type 2 diabetes is also called adult-onset diabetes, which occurs after 35 to 40 years of age, accounting for more than 90% of diabetic patients. In patients with type 2 diabetes, the ability to produce insulin is not completely lost. In some patients, insulin is even excessive, but the effect of insulin is greatly reduced. That is, we often say "insulin resistance", so insulin in patients is only a kind of Relatively lacking, it is also possible to achieve therapeutic effects by stimulating the secretion of insulin in the body by certain oral drugs.
The cells in the pancreas not only produce insulin, but also produce another hormone, amylin. Insulin and amylin usually work together to regulate the body's response to food intake. If they are no longer produced, the level of sugar in the blood will rise, leading to diabetes. If the blood sugar level is not properly controlled, it will cause damage to the heart, kidneys, research and nerves.
However, some of the amylin produced by the pancreas can deposit toxic masses around the pancreas, which in turn destroys the beta cells that produce insulin and amylin. The consequence of this cell death is diabetes.
Studies have shown that this is the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The new study provides strong evidence that type 1 diabetes is also caused by this same mechanism.
The difference is that type 1 diabetes begins at an earlier age and develops more rapidly than type 2 diabetes, as amylin toxic masses deposit faster in the pancreas.
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