Rigid PVC pipe and fittings are among the many PVC products and have grown rapidly in China. They are also the most consumed varieties in various plastic pipes. After the promotion and promotion of PVC pipe in China in recent years, especially with the support of relevant national policies, PVC pipe production and application have made considerable progress. PVC pipe production has accounted for more than 50% of the total output of plastic pipe, and is widely used in industry, construction, Agriculture and many other industries.
1 Development of PVC Pipe 1.1 Advantages of PVC Pipe In the production of general-purpose resin, PVC resin consumes the lowest amount of ethylene and the production cost is the lowest. The domestic production of 0.5314 tons of ethylene per ton of PVC consumes 1.042 tons of ethylene per ton of polyethylene, and the consumption of ethylene per ton of PVC resin is about 50% less than that of polyethylene. The production of chlorine, the raw material for PVC, is an important way to balance the production of chlorine from caustic soda. Caustic soda is an essential and important raw material for the national economy. In addition, from the perspective of plastic products, PVC has good compatibility with various additives, and a large number of low-cost fillers can be added to the production pipes, which greatly reduces production costs.
Compared with metal pipe, PVC pipes are calculated as per cubic meter of PVC and per cubic meter of production steel and aluminum. The energy consumption of steel is 316KJ/m3, the energy consumption of aluminum is 619KJ/m3, and the energy consumption of PVC is 70KJ/m3. That is, the energy consumption of steel is 4.5 times that of PVC, and the energy consumption of aluminum is 8.8 times that of PVC. The processing energy consumption of the production of PVC pipes is only one-third of the same diameter metal pipe. At the same time, due to the smooth PVC pipe wall, no corrosion tumors, and high water transfer efficiency, the infusion solution can save about 20% of electricity.
PVC pipe has good mechanical properties, and has excellent corrosion resistance, light weight during use, easy installation, no maintenance, and the use of steel as a public utility sewer pipe, in the course of use because of the corrosion, must Coatings are often applied for high maintenance costs. Metal pipes for general construction and public works need to be replaced in about 20 years, and well-processed PVC pipes have a service life of up to 50 years. Therefore, PVC pipe is a good plastic product with low production cost, high strength and corrosion resistance.
Generally speaking, in terms of sewage, waste water, and ventilation ducts, PVC piping saves about 16-37% of the installation and labor costs compared to using cast iron pipes; the use of metal wire bushings saves 30-33% of the cost of the conduits; Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes save 23 to 34% of the cost of hot and cold water compared to using the same size copper pipes. Therefore, due to the advantages of PVC pipe, all countries are actively developing and promoting PVC pipe.
1.2 Production and Consumption of PVC Pipes Since the 1980s, China has introduced thousands of PVC pipe extrusion production lines of different types, and large pipe manufacturers such as Dalian Shide, Zhejiang Yonggao and Shanghai Tomson have emerged. At present, there are more than 600 UPVC (rigid PVC) pipes and fittings production plants in China, with a total production capacity of 1.1 million tons/year or more, and more than 30 manufacturers with a production scale of 10,000 tons/year or more. The scale is 0.5-1. There are more than 60 manufacturers with 10,000 tons/year. UPVC pipes and fittings production equipment has basically achieved localization.
In China, PVC pipes are developed earlier than PE pipes and PP pipes. They have many varieties, excellent performance, and wide use, occupying an important position in the market. By the end of 1999, there were about 2,000 plastic pipe production lines nationwide, of which about 15% were imported equipment. In 1999, the production capacity of various plastic pipes in China exceeded 1.65 million tons/year, and the actual output was about 1 million tons, of which UPVC pipes accounted for more than 50%.
In the past few years, in the market application of PVC in the world, the building materials market has been the largest, and the increase rate is also the fastest. In recent years, US building material products have accounted for 60% of its total products, 62% in Western Europe, 50% in Japan, and less than 30% in China. There is considerable room for improvement. Among the building materials products, mainly pipes and profiled materials are also included, including the construction of water pipes, agricultural irrigation pipes, gas transportation pipes, and crude oil transportation pipes.
China's UPVC pipe production and application really began to develop rapidly during the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, mainly due to the strong support of the government and the society's understanding of UPVC pipe. At present, the application of plastic pipes in China is not only in quantity but also in varieties and specifications. For example, UPVC pipes have reached more than 90% of the applications for building drainage in some cities, and most UPVC pipes enterprises have achieved very good results in recent years.
During the "10th Five-Year Plan" period, the popularization and application of plastic pipes mainly focused on UPVC and PE plastic pipes, and vigorously developed other new plastic pipes. By 2005, in the new construction, reconstruction and expansion projects throughout the country, 50% of construction drainage pipes were plastic pipes, 20% of urban drainage pipes were plastic pipes, and 60% of building water supply, hot water supply and heating pipes were plastic pipes, and urban water supply. 50% of pipelines (below Dn400) use plastic pipes, 60% of village and town water supply pipelines use plastic pipes, 50% of urban gas pipelines (middle and low pressure pipes) use plastic pipes, and 80% of building cable threaded jacket pipes use plastic pipes. It is expected that in 2005, about 2 million tons of plastic pipe will be required, of which the majority will be PVC pipe.
In developed countries, PVC pipe consumption generally accounts for 70-80% of the plastic pipe market, while China's PVC pipe accounts for only about 50% of the total plastic pipe. The development potential of China's PVC pipe is very large. The consumption ratio of various PVC pipes in developed countries is: 33% for water supply pipes, 22.3% for sewage pipes, 15.7% for sewage pipes, 5.2% for irrigation pipes, 0.8% for gas pipes, and 22.7% for other pipes. The consumption ratio of pipes and pipes is about 1:8.
In the construction market, there are two types of PVC pipe used: one is a pressure pipe and the other is a pressureless pipe. The commonly used cast iron pipes and copper pipes used as pressure-resistant building materials in the past are not only seriously corroded, but also require frequent maintenance and replacement, resulting in high costs. In foreign construction, pressure pipes and hot water supply pipes are widely used today. The small-diameter PVC pipe (UPVC pipe, CPVC pipe) has the advantages of low cost, corrosion resistance, frequent maintenance, and replacement. The large-diameter PVC pressure tube (with a diameter of 100-900mm) replaces the cast iron pipe and enhances the small clay pipe. The water supply system has good fluidity, corrosion resistance, and low weight. Saving electricity and good water quality. The use of a PVC core foamed pressureless pipe as an indoor water pipe and a rainwater system pipe can solve the noise problem of the indoor water pipe. The public works sewage pipe adopts non-pressure PVC pipe, which has corrosion resistance, is free of hydrogen sulfide, has long service life, light weight, low installation cost, easy connection and sealing, and is not easy to break. In addition, the construction of tandem pipes and underground cable protection pipe is another market for PVC pipe. At present, the domestic varieties adopted are straight expansion pipes, double-wall pipes and single-wall corrugated pipes.
Agricultural pipes are another broad area for PVC applications. China is a resource-deficit country. At present, most of the farmland in China still uses earth canal irrigation, and the water waste is very serious. Due to lack of water, a large amount of arable land is not well irrigated and crop yields are low. The use of PVC pipes for irrigation can save about 50% of water. The use of PVC fixed or semi-fixed irrigation system for farming, not only saves water, but also can increase production, equipment does not corrode, etc., greatly save the cost of irrigation and spraying facilities. At present, there is no county in China that fully implements irrigation. The vast majority of areas in the country lack basic understanding of pipe irrigation. Therefore, the promotion of publicity and promotion of PVC pipe irrigation in rural areas has great potential.
1.3 Some PVC pipe UPVC pipes commonly used in China: The largest application of UPVC pipe is construction industry. At present, it is widely used in tap water systems and residential water pipes in various provinces and cities across the country. It is mainly used as drainage pipes, rainwater pipes, and threading pipes in the construction industry. UPV pipe has chemical resistance, self-extinguishing and flame retardant, good resistance to the first, smooth inner wall, good electrical properties, but UPVC pipe has low toughness, large coefficient of linear expansion, and narrow temperature range. UPVC pipe development benefits are obvious. The production and use of UPVC pipe is 55-68% energy saving than cast iron pipe. The production and use of UPVC water supply pipe is 62-75% energy saving than galvanized pipe, and the price per unit length of the same specification is only galvanized pipe 1/ 2. The installation cost is 70% lower than that of galvanized pipe. Using 1 ton UPVC water supply pipe can replace 12 ton cast iron pipe, and using 1 ton UPVC corrugated pipe can save 25 tons of steel.
Core foam tube: The core foam tube is a three-layer co-extrusion process in which the inner and outer layers are the same as ordinary UPVC tubes, and the middle is a new type of tubing with a relative density of 0.7-0.9 low foam layer. The rigidity is 8 times that of the ordinary UPVC pipe, and when the temperature changes, the ruler has good stability, good heat insulation, especially the foam core layer can have cross-seal and noise transmission, and is more suitable for high-rise building drainage system. Foam core tube can save more than 25% of raw materials, and the inner wall pressure resistance is greatly improved. On the inner wall of the core foamed silencing pipe with several convex spiral lines, the water flows freely along the inner wall of the pipe spirally, forming a gas column at the center of the drain pipe, reducing the pressure in the pipe by 10%, and increasing the universal capacity by 10 times. The displacement increased by 6 times and the noise was 30-40 db lower than the ordinary UPVC drain.
Radially stiffened PVC pipe: This kind of pipe is made of special moulds and forming follow-up devices. It is a heavy-duty, large-diameter super-strength ring-shaped glass veined pipe material. The feature is that the outer wall of the pipe has radial reinforcing ribs, which can greatly improve the rigidity of the pipe ring and the compressive strength, and is especially suitable for the drainage in the municipal engineering.
Double-wall corrugated pipe: The double-wall corrugated pipe is made by extruding two concentric pipes at the same time, and then welding the outer pipe of the corrugated pipe to the smooth copper pipe on the inner wall. With smooth inner wall and corrugated outer wall, light weight and high strength, it can save 40-60% of raw materials compared with ordinary UPVC pipe. It is mainly used as communication cable protection pipe, building exhaust pipe and agricultural drainage pipe.
PVC penetration enhancement tube: It is made by extrusion molding of two layers of inner and outer plastic with Synthetic Fibers in the middle, which is flexible and bendable. PVC transparent tube has good acid and alkali resistance, oil resistance and aging resistance. It can replace the rubber tube and is cheap. Widely used for nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide and other gases and water, dilute alkali, oil and other liquid transport, can also be used as water heaters, sprayers, gas stoves and other catheters.
CPVC pipe: CPVC pipe is a heat-resistant plastic pipe obtained by processing chlorinated polyvinyl chloride with a chlorine content of more than 66%. The heat resistance temperature of CPVC pipe is higher than that of UPVC pipe by more than 30°C, and the dimensional stability is improved, and the linear expansion coefficient is reduced. CPVC pipe is excellent in heat resistance, aging resistance and chemical resistance, and it is not deformed in boiling water. It can be used for the transportation of hot water, corrosion-resistant liquids and gases. Domestic Yuli Co., Ltd. produces CPVC pipe.
1 Development of PVC Pipe 1.1 Advantages of PVC Pipe In the production of general-purpose resin, PVC resin consumes the lowest amount of ethylene and the production cost is the lowest. The domestic production of 0.5314 tons of ethylene per ton of PVC consumes 1.042 tons of ethylene per ton of polyethylene, and the consumption of ethylene per ton of PVC resin is about 50% less than that of polyethylene. The production of chlorine, the raw material for PVC, is an important way to balance the production of chlorine from caustic soda. Caustic soda is an essential and important raw material for the national economy. In addition, from the perspective of plastic products, PVC has good compatibility with various additives, and a large number of low-cost fillers can be added to the production pipes, which greatly reduces production costs.
Compared with metal pipe, PVC pipes are calculated as per cubic meter of PVC and per cubic meter of production steel and aluminum. The energy consumption of steel is 316KJ/m3, the energy consumption of aluminum is 619KJ/m3, and the energy consumption of PVC is 70KJ/m3. That is, the energy consumption of steel is 4.5 times that of PVC, and the energy consumption of aluminum is 8.8 times that of PVC. The processing energy consumption of the production of PVC pipes is only one-third of the same diameter metal pipe. At the same time, due to the smooth PVC pipe wall, no corrosion tumors, and high water transfer efficiency, the infusion solution can save about 20% of electricity.
PVC pipe has good mechanical properties, and has excellent corrosion resistance, light weight during use, easy installation, no maintenance, and the use of steel as a public utility sewer pipe, in the course of use because of the corrosion, must Coatings are often applied for high maintenance costs. Metal pipes for general construction and public works need to be replaced in about 20 years, and well-processed PVC pipes have a service life of up to 50 years. Therefore, PVC pipe is a good plastic product with low production cost, high strength and corrosion resistance.
Generally speaking, in terms of sewage, waste water, and ventilation ducts, PVC piping saves about 16-37% of the installation and labor costs compared to using cast iron pipes; the use of metal wire bushings saves 30-33% of the cost of the conduits; Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes save 23 to 34% of the cost of hot and cold water compared to using the same size copper pipes. Therefore, due to the advantages of PVC pipe, all countries are actively developing and promoting PVC pipe.
1.2 Production and Consumption of PVC Pipes Since the 1980s, China has introduced thousands of PVC pipe extrusion production lines of different types, and large pipe manufacturers such as Dalian Shide, Zhejiang Yonggao and Shanghai Tomson have emerged. At present, there are more than 600 UPVC (rigid PVC) pipes and fittings production plants in China, with a total production capacity of 1.1 million tons/year or more, and more than 30 manufacturers with a production scale of 10,000 tons/year or more. The scale is 0.5-1. There are more than 60 manufacturers with 10,000 tons/year. UPVC pipes and fittings production equipment has basically achieved localization.
In China, PVC pipes are developed earlier than PE pipes and PP pipes. They have many varieties, excellent performance, and wide use, occupying an important position in the market. By the end of 1999, there were about 2,000 plastic pipe production lines nationwide, of which about 15% were imported equipment. In 1999, the production capacity of various plastic pipes in China exceeded 1.65 million tons/year, and the actual output was about 1 million tons, of which UPVC pipes accounted for more than 50%.
In the past few years, in the market application of PVC in the world, the building materials market has been the largest, and the increase rate is also the fastest. In recent years, US building material products have accounted for 60% of its total products, 62% in Western Europe, 50% in Japan, and less than 30% in China. There is considerable room for improvement. Among the building materials products, mainly pipes and profiled materials are also included, including the construction of water pipes, agricultural irrigation pipes, gas transportation pipes, and crude oil transportation pipes.
China's UPVC pipe production and application really began to develop rapidly during the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, mainly due to the strong support of the government and the society's understanding of UPVC pipe. At present, the application of plastic pipes in China is not only in quantity but also in varieties and specifications. For example, UPVC pipes have reached more than 90% of the applications for building drainage in some cities, and most UPVC pipes enterprises have achieved very good results in recent years.
During the "10th Five-Year Plan" period, the popularization and application of plastic pipes mainly focused on UPVC and PE plastic pipes, and vigorously developed other new plastic pipes. By 2005, in the new construction, reconstruction and expansion projects throughout the country, 50% of construction drainage pipes were plastic pipes, 20% of urban drainage pipes were plastic pipes, and 60% of building water supply, hot water supply and heating pipes were plastic pipes, and urban water supply. 50% of pipelines (below Dn400) use plastic pipes, 60% of village and town water supply pipelines use plastic pipes, 50% of urban gas pipelines (middle and low pressure pipes) use plastic pipes, and 80% of building cable threaded jacket pipes use plastic pipes. It is expected that in 2005, about 2 million tons of plastic pipe will be required, of which the majority will be PVC pipe.
In developed countries, PVC pipe consumption generally accounts for 70-80% of the plastic pipe market, while China's PVC pipe accounts for only about 50% of the total plastic pipe. The development potential of China's PVC pipe is very large. The consumption ratio of various PVC pipes in developed countries is: 33% for water supply pipes, 22.3% for sewage pipes, 15.7% for sewage pipes, 5.2% for irrigation pipes, 0.8% for gas pipes, and 22.7% for other pipes. The consumption ratio of pipes and pipes is about 1:8.
In the construction market, there are two types of PVC pipe used: one is a pressure pipe and the other is a pressureless pipe. The commonly used cast iron pipes and copper pipes used as pressure-resistant building materials in the past are not only seriously corroded, but also require frequent maintenance and replacement, resulting in high costs. In foreign construction, pressure pipes and hot water supply pipes are widely used today. The small-diameter PVC pipe (UPVC pipe, CPVC pipe) has the advantages of low cost, corrosion resistance, frequent maintenance, and replacement. The large-diameter PVC pressure tube (with a diameter of 100-900mm) replaces the cast iron pipe and enhances the small clay pipe. The water supply system has good fluidity, corrosion resistance, and low weight. Saving electricity and good water quality. The use of a PVC core foamed pressureless pipe as an indoor water pipe and a rainwater system pipe can solve the noise problem of the indoor water pipe. The public works sewage pipe adopts non-pressure PVC pipe, which has corrosion resistance, is free of hydrogen sulfide, has long service life, light weight, low installation cost, easy connection and sealing, and is not easy to break. In addition, the construction of tandem pipes and underground cable protection pipe is another market for PVC pipe. At present, the domestic varieties adopted are straight expansion pipes, double-wall pipes and single-wall corrugated pipes.
Agricultural pipes are another broad area for PVC applications. China is a resource-deficit country. At present, most of the farmland in China still uses earth canal irrigation, and the water waste is very serious. Due to lack of water, a large amount of arable land is not well irrigated and crop yields are low. The use of PVC pipes for irrigation can save about 50% of water. The use of PVC fixed or semi-fixed irrigation system for farming, not only saves water, but also can increase production, equipment does not corrode, etc., greatly save the cost of irrigation and spraying facilities. At present, there is no county in China that fully implements irrigation. The vast majority of areas in the country lack basic understanding of pipe irrigation. Therefore, the promotion of publicity and promotion of PVC pipe irrigation in rural areas has great potential.
1.3 Some PVC pipe UPVC pipes commonly used in China: The largest application of UPVC pipe is construction industry. At present, it is widely used in tap water systems and residential water pipes in various provinces and cities across the country. It is mainly used as drainage pipes, rainwater pipes, and threading pipes in the construction industry. UPV pipe has chemical resistance, self-extinguishing and flame retardant, good resistance to the first, smooth inner wall, good electrical properties, but UPVC pipe has low toughness, large coefficient of linear expansion, and narrow temperature range. UPVC pipe development benefits are obvious. The production and use of UPVC pipe is 55-68% energy saving than cast iron pipe. The production and use of UPVC water supply pipe is 62-75% energy saving than galvanized pipe, and the price per unit length of the same specification is only galvanized pipe 1/ 2. The installation cost is 70% lower than that of galvanized pipe. Using 1 ton UPVC water supply pipe can replace 12 ton cast iron pipe, and using 1 ton UPVC corrugated pipe can save 25 tons of steel.
Core foam tube: The core foam tube is a three-layer co-extrusion process in which the inner and outer layers are the same as ordinary UPVC tubes, and the middle is a new type of tubing with a relative density of 0.7-0.9 low foam layer. The rigidity is 8 times that of the ordinary UPVC pipe, and when the temperature changes, the ruler has good stability, good heat insulation, especially the foam core layer can have cross-seal and noise transmission, and is more suitable for high-rise building drainage system. Foam core tube can save more than 25% of raw materials, and the inner wall pressure resistance is greatly improved. On the inner wall of the core foamed silencing pipe with several convex spiral lines, the water flows freely along the inner wall of the pipe spirally, forming a gas column at the center of the drain pipe, reducing the pressure in the pipe by 10%, and increasing the universal capacity by 10 times. The displacement increased by 6 times and the noise was 30-40 db lower than the ordinary UPVC drain.
Radially stiffened PVC pipe: This kind of pipe is made of special moulds and forming follow-up devices. It is a heavy-duty, large-diameter super-strength ring-shaped glass veined pipe material. The feature is that the outer wall of the pipe has radial reinforcing ribs, which can greatly improve the rigidity of the pipe ring and the compressive strength, and is especially suitable for the drainage in the municipal engineering.
Double-wall corrugated pipe: The double-wall corrugated pipe is made by extruding two concentric pipes at the same time, and then welding the outer pipe of the corrugated pipe to the smooth copper pipe on the inner wall. With smooth inner wall and corrugated outer wall, light weight and high strength, it can save 40-60% of raw materials compared with ordinary UPVC pipe. It is mainly used as communication cable protection pipe, building exhaust pipe and agricultural drainage pipe.
PVC penetration enhancement tube: It is made by extrusion molding of two layers of inner and outer plastic with Synthetic Fibers in the middle, which is flexible and bendable. PVC transparent tube has good acid and alkali resistance, oil resistance and aging resistance. It can replace the rubber tube and is cheap. Widely used for nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide and other gases and water, dilute alkali, oil and other liquid transport, can also be used as water heaters, sprayers, gas stoves and other catheters.
CPVC pipe: CPVC pipe is a heat-resistant plastic pipe obtained by processing chlorinated polyvinyl chloride with a chlorine content of more than 66%. The heat resistance temperature of CPVC pipe is higher than that of UPVC pipe by more than 30°C, and the dimensional stability is improved, and the linear expansion coefficient is reduced. CPVC pipe is excellent in heat resistance, aging resistance and chemical resistance, and it is not deformed in boiling water. It can be used for the transportation of hot water, corrosion-resistant liquids and gases. Domestic Yuli Co., Ltd. produces CPVC pipe.
Jiabaien Ceramics Co., Ltd. , http://www.czjbeceramics.com