Compared with foreign pioneers and leading advantages, China's robot industry is far behind the United States and Japan, and even one step behind South Korea. Especially in the youth, the scientific activities of robot assembly and production have not been carried out. This will be related to China's industrial development in two to three decades.
In recent years, when we researched cultural creative industries, we found that a future industry that is closely related to cultural industries, science and technology-robot research, development and manufacturing is emerging. Participants in addition to traditional scientific and technological workers engaged in academic research, In addition to university research echelons and specialized researchers of enterprise products, a large number of young people have actively joined this new trend of science and technology. The following is our investigation and reflection on the development of this industry abroad.
Robots (also known as robots and robots, English name: Robot) have their origins in the history of human technology development. As early as in the Three Kingdoms period, the wooden cow and floating horse invented by Zhuge Liang were the intelligent crystallization of the ancient Chinese. With the modern industrial revolution, the continuous development of the machine industry has become the main pillar of modern industry. Because of the "perpetual motion machine", space exploration, and dream-solving functions of science fantasy, which can't reach the state of innovation, scientists are encouraged to study and create various machines that can replace people. Automated machines, unmanned aircraft, etc. in the 1960s and 1970s were a bold attempt and breakthrough in the development chain of this industry. Although the development of the computer and electronics industries later attracted people's attention, the research and development of robots have been continuing. In the past two decades, due to the rapid development of computer technology, electronic products and biogenetic engineering, the "robot" research and development boom has come out of the laboratory of professionals and has become a comprehensive scientific research capability. At the event, the participants also broke through the dilemma of strategizing and keeping separate politics for all walks of life, and began a vertical and horizontal connection, striving for the odds, and the craze for research and production. The most prominent of these is the active participation of young people and college students. This craze is somewhat similar to the popularization of self-assembled ore radio radios among middle school students in the 1950s and 1960s. But foreign teenagers now have a historical background and cultural environment keen on robotic activities: one is high-tech (especially the rapid development of IT); one is the impact of comics, movies, videos, sports competitions, electronic games and the Internet. The latter is closely related to the contemporary cultural context. For example, there are many robots in the Hollywood movie "Star Wars", the cartoon characters Astro, the armored soldiers, and the masked robots written by Japanese anime painters have made many people who are not interested in mechanical assembly and hand-making but keen on. Young people playing anime (cartoon) and playing video game consoles have also begun to take an interest in it and have sparked professional competitions for making robots in small groups or teams, including playing, football, basketball, wrestling, transporting goods, running, etc., and Items related to contemporary sports and smart sports. Because only fierce confrontation can inspire the innovative ideas and production capabilities of the contestants, people are eager to compete with the strongest and most creative products to win.
The study of robots was anthropomorphic from the beginning, so there was only the development and production of manipulators and manipulators, and it was also to replace humans with machines to do labor or exploration that humans cannot accomplish. But in the past ten years, the development of robots has not only become more and more optimized, but also covered many fields, and the scope of applications is very broad. In general, it is used in space development, lunar rover, deep sea detector, offshore oil mining, space shuttle mechanical arm, etc., as small as micro surgical machinery, life monitor and so on. Military uses are changing with each passing day. From bomb demolition and mine clearance devices to drones and chariots, some people even predict that future wars may be robotic wars like Star Wars. As for industry, agriculture, genetic biology industry, medicine, cultural industry, telecommunications industry, and energy development, industrial revolution will occur due to the large number of robots. Researchers at the future department of British Telecommunications have been known for accurately predicting the emergence of mobile text messages, spam emails and online search engines. Among the recently announced 50-year technology forecast, several of them are about robots.
Needless to say, future robots will develop in three areas:
1. It is more closely integrated with the life of human society, with more services for people as an element
Twenty years later, home cleaning, cleaning, or elderly care may be replaced by robots. Hospitals in San Francisco, USA have started using robots to deliver and dispense medicines to patients. In an interview with the media, the president of Ai Robotics Inc. in the United States stated that the company's household cleaning robot products had only $ 1.2 million in sales in 2002, and by 2004 it had increased more than 10 times. Also, the full automation of homes, automatic cars without driving, and so on, it is really impossible to count or make predictions one by one.
2. Bionic and biological trends
Make robot dogs, cats, fish and other animals with fun and biology. For example, the golden mechanical fish "Goldfish Tiger" successfully developed by Ryomei Engineering, a subsidiary of Japan ’s Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, is 1 meter long and weighs 25 kilograms. It is a large fish that can automatically swim in the water and can help monitor the security and collection of bridges. Fish flooding, monitoring river water pollution, etc. The Aibo robot dog developed by Sony has an emotional response to the owner's voice. It has been able to imitate emotions such as joy, sorrow, and fear. In the future, robot dogs can replace real guide dogs. In addition, the dinosaur robots in the movie "Jurassic Park" are also examples. Such bionic robots are also widely used in military reconnaissance and rescue, intelligence transmission, and even killing enemies in invisible means. The University of Hawaii has a research center for underwater robots, which has a considerable scale. At the beginning of August this year, the Russian mini-submarine was entangled in the bottom of the sea with fishing nets and trapped in the deep sea under 190 meters. It was helped by the British rescue boat "Scorpio".
3. The most important development is humanization
The World Expo held in Aichi, Japan, is called the exhibition of large collections of robots, and some people even call it the "Robot Expo", which can also be seen from Japan's industrial advantages and achievements. In the exhibition hall, the reception desk, conference cleaning work, security work, etc., mostly appeared and replaced in the form of robots. During the Expo, a number of human- and robot-related activities were also held, among which the most striking was the performance of artificial intelligence and humanized robots. For example, a female robot at the reception desk can listen, speak six languages, and speak when speaking , Mouth can move, facial muscles also have activity. Osaka University of Technology has good achievements in the development of artificial intelligence robots. Professor Shi Heihao produced "Actroid Repliee", with the appearance of a "TV news announcer". Its hands, head and upper body can move freely and the appearance is realistic. Wonderful. There is also a strange and interesting golf robot "Candi-5", which has built-in 3D terrain of the entire golf course and information of club members, and is equipped with a global satellite positioning system, which can rotate 360 ​​degrees freely, and its system will Increasingly sophisticated and more user-friendly, scientists expect that when it completes all its production in 2020, it can act as a caddie and give advice on batting from the side. In addition, there are robots with "vision" and "taste buds" whose infrared measurement can immediately determine the composition and content of foods and drinks. For example, if an apple is placed in front of its arm, the apple ’s Sugar, vitamin content, etc. The most striking is the performance of the robot pipe band, which uses robots to play real musical instruments, and the formation is constantly changing, and the performance technology is excellent. The University of Tokyo announced in August this year that it has developed a human-like artificial skin, which can feel hot and cold, pain, and temperature response just like a human. Even functions that some people ’s skin does not have can be set. Another big step forward. All of these are different.
At the turn of the century, biogenetic engineering caused controversy on ethical, legal, and moral issues due to the emergence of "cloning humans". Whether the "cloning humans" will come out is still unknown, but the research and development of robots is replacing them, so that the closer to humanization In pursuit of goals. As a result, new terms have emerged for it, such as artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence, AI for short), and are used to refer to human-like robots with the following two English names: androids and humanoids. When film directors in the West talk about the very user-friendly robots that appear in film and television, they often use these specific words with clear tendencies:
A. Become humanized—humanize (v.)
B. Humanized—humanized (adj.)
C, humanity, kindness-humanity (n.)
The research and development of robots in China is basically a scientific research project. It is said that the Chinese Academy of Sciences has built robots with lips that can move, eyes can rotate, and visual functions, which are comparable to Japanese counterparts, but this robot is very large , But failed to walk with both feet. In Japan, whether the robot can walk with two feet has become a popular and skilled technical competition, such as the "two-footed robot competition" (level). In fact, the production of robots is definitely not just a mixture of hydraulic machinery and electronic products. To make robots more and more humane, it is necessary to incorporate aspects such as life medicine, sensing, optics, and creative cultural industries, such as robots. The joints need to study the meridian of traditional Chinese medicine, biological nerve stimulation response, and certain modeling characteristics of cultural products (the most important thing is the appearance of ethnic characteristics) and so on. British scientists even predicted that by 2020, as robots become more sophisticated and manufactured using organic parts, they will be protected by "robot rights."
In the United States, Japan, Germany, France, South Korea and other countries, the development of the robot industry is gaining more and more attention, and generally adopts the so-called "official industry-university" form. "Official" refers to the government's formulation of policies and preferential support to adjust the industrial structure. According to information, the Japanese government is adjusting the industrial manufacturing structure of the country. The future industry in the central Nagoya area is the new automobile industry. The Kansai area centered on Osaka will be dominated by the robot industry. The Tokyo area is centered on information informatization. Etc .; "production" is the self-classification research and development of the industry, and turns it into a product, and obtains economic benefits; "learning" means that the school sets up special courses (disciplines), and the teaching materials are different from the past, not all for the school Some are written by professors, and some are prepared by industry research institutes, using computer technology to intervene, and in turn sold to university teachers and students. Textbooks, teaching materials and assembly parts made by robots, special magazines, etc. have also come into the market. Many companies have changed existing industries and produced products for this service. So, will this lead to an industrial revolution? It is too early to assert. But it can be predicted that in the next 20 years, the robot industry will become a leading trend in new industries in the future. In modern high-tech warfare, robots will play an increasing role in combat, thereby reducing the number of front-line soldiers.
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