The development of the desktop publishing system made it possible for each of us to equip any document with a few exquisite pictures. Image processing technology is somewhat complicated, but there are some necessary basic knowledge to know.
There are two basic methods for image processing at different points of the vector image bitmap, corresponding to two types of image software: raster image processing and vector image processing.
The software for raster or bitmap processing is the process of operating on each pixel; it stores the image by recording the position, color, and other characteristics of each pixel in the image. If you zoom in on an image, you can see each pixel with the naked eye. Adobe Photoshop is such software.
Adobe Illustrator and Macromedia Freehand are vector-based drawing software. Instead of describing the image pixel by pixel, they mathematically describe the lines (vectors are length-directional lines) to represent graphic images. This kind of image output quality is independent of the resolution. No matter how it is zoomed in or out, its edges are always smooth.
Based on bitmap-based software, creating images is very easy and can also be used to color correct images, such as photo images. But when it comes to resolution, trouble comes, such as the jagged edges of the landscape. If you want to print out the image, you must use a resolution higher than the number of screen lines to scan, but also note that the increase in file size is basically exponential.
Although the vector-based program does not consider the resolution problem, it is not intuitive to use. When drawing, it is necessary to manipulate the handle to control the curvature of the line, which takes a while to master. And, vector graphics software is best for line drawing, cartoons, etc.
Sometimes vector rasterization is required to import pixel-based image software, even if this is done, the graphics will no longer be independent of resolution. Similarly, most vector software can also import bitmap images to generate the outline effect of a bitmap image. In this way, we can mix two images created by different types of software. Some software, such as Denba's Gauvas 6, can process both bitmap and vector graphics in the same image.
Note that when using vector graphics software for resolution and file size of images, resolution is not a big problem, but care must be taken when using bitmap software. The unit of resolution, dpi, is the number of pixels per inch of length. The more pixels there are, the higher the resolution and the more refined the image looks. If the pixel is viewed as an information unit of the image, the higher the resolution, the larger the file size stored.
If you do a web page, you need to know that the resolution on the monitor is 72ppi, then the resolution of the image is determined at this value. If you want to print it in the actual size of the image, the resolution of the image should be set to twice the number of printed screens (in lines/inch-lpi). For the number of output screens, it is best to refer to the printer manual used. Here are some reference options. For a 600dpi printer, the number of screens is 85, and the image resolution should be 170ppi. However, there is no fixed relation between dpi and lpi. For example, the number of printer network cables at 1200 dpi can be 105 lpi. As a reminder, do not confuse dpi (dot/inch) with ppi (pixel/inch). The pixel is the smallest unit displayed on a computer monitor, and the dot is the smallest unit the printer can print on paper.
One thing to note is that if you change the resolution in photoshop's "Image Size" dialog and select the "Resample Image" item, PhotoShop will change the number of pixels in the image. For example, there is a "5*7" image with a resolution of 166 ppi and a size of 2.76 MB. If you select "Resample Image" and change the resolution to 72 ppi, we will get a constant size. , But with reduced resolution images, the file is only 532K. Maybe this is exactly what we want. But be aware that by doing this, we can no longer increase the resolution, that is, we can not restore the original quality - because you have lost a lot of information, which can be seen from the size of the file. If you change the resolution by 72ppi and you do not select the "Resample Image" item, the size of the image will change to approximately 16*11, but the number of pixels will remain unchanged and the file size will still be 2.76MB.
Flexible use of masked masks is usually the first step in achieving the final results. If you previously used a mask to cover the image area, you will be very clear about this concept.
We can think of the mask as a precise selection area. You can process all elements in or out of the selection area or use this selection area to change other images. For example, if you want to turn a dog into blue without changing other parts, using a mask is the best way. The mask can also take out part of the image and place it in other images.
There is no masking tool in Adobe Photp Deluxe, but its smart selection tool can sometimes play the same role. We can use intelligent selection tools to select a certain area of ​​the image and delete the rest to place the selected part in other images.
Photoshot's masking function is very powerful, but it is also complex. There are two ways to change the selection area into a mask like Delux: First, use the pen tool to go along the part you want to select. Create a path and turn it into a selection area from the path pop-up menu. After becoming a selection area, you can arbitrarily change it in this area without worrying about affecting the outside of the selection area. You can also perform an inverse selection (shitt+commandc+I) and delete the background.
Photoshop also has a quick masking method that can roughly check the shape of the selection and modify it carefully. First, make an approximate selection and select the object. Then click the quick mask icon on the toolbar or press the Q key to enter the quick mask mode. We can use black strokes to add the red part (non-selection area). You can use white strokes to draw to increase the selection area - that is, increase the editable section. This approach is intuitive and reduces the number of keystrokes when making a precise selection. As in Del, it can modify inaccurate selections. For example, you can add a few strokes to make a human head more precise. You can also use gray strokes to form a transparent mask that hides the edges of the image.
You can also create masks in vector drawing software such as Adobe Illustrator. Let's make a text with a fill pattern (of course, the graphics will be your favorite). First, use the Text tool to enter text, set the word size and font, then draw a rectangle and click on the pattern in the stroke panel. The pattern is overlaid on the text (actually, the text is masked and the pattern is covered). Both are selected and the pattern is on the top. There is also a simple method, click the text, hold down shift, click on the pattern where there is no overlap with the text, and then execute the Make Mask command on the line.
Applying layer layers is like a stack of transparent tracing papers. The difference is that you can draw on each layer and individually adjust the transparency and other characteristics of each layer. You can place different objects on each layer and operate on each layer without affecting other layers. You can also use layers to adjust the context of objects. If you only want to observe a layer without being affected by other layers, you can click the eye icon in front of other layers to temporarily hide this layer. This method is very versatile in layers. When there are many layers, it is useful for observing an object. With layers, many tasks such as merging, clipping, and other special effects, such as shadows, are easier to do.
Some vector graphics software also has layers. This layer feature is useful when operating on complex objects. We can lock a layer to avoid inadvertently changing its position or shape.
Layers can also be used in the tracing process. Select Place in the File menu in Illustrator, select the image you want to trace, and click the Template option. This will create a new layer (no matter what you want to draw), it is locked (it cannot be changed) and it is gray. At this point you can draw with a pen or pencil or an automatic drawing tool, but the automatic drawing tool is only suitable for the drawing of a tube.
In Macromedia FreeHand, you can use the Import command under the File menu. Just like Illustrator, you can use FreeHand's description tool to draw your own picture.
Familiar with the channel of all color images in photoshop, are composed of 3 to 4 images - RGB format, is the red, green, yellow three images, corresponding to the three primary colors of each pixel on the display, - CMYK format The image is divided into four parts: blue, green, yellow, and black, corresponding to the printed four-color ink.
We can see these separate channels in the channel panel (adjacent to the layered canvas).
When viewing color pictures, all channels are active. If only one channel is selected, the image will have only one color component. In the RGB mode, the blank part is where the corresponding colors are many. The black part has less color; (MYK) is exactly the opposite. When multiple channels are activated (click by shift), you will see mixed images of several colors. By mastering the channels, you can easily create color effects and correct color casts.
Familiar with the channel, can handle some problems in the scanning process. If the scanned image is clear, some ghosting may be the cause of the misalignment of a color channel—a blurry halo or ghosting can be seen when you look at it. Select the aura color channel, if it really deviates, use the Move tool to drag it to the right place.
Correcting the color of the image The most common function of the bitmap software is to correct the color of the scanned image or picture. For example, after scanning a portrait of a person, the face looks green, or the picture is too dark, which requires color correction.
There are two basic methods of color correction - automatic adjustment of color or adjustment of color attribute values. If you do not want to bother, many image processing software has specialized automation tools to adjust the color. Deluxe has a button to easily repair old photos, we can also use Instant, Fix command to do more adjustments. If you want to change the color properties of the image, you can adjust the HSB (chroma, saturation, lightness) values ​​of the image. HUE (chroma) indicates hue; saturation Saturation indicates the degree of vivid color; lightness indicates how bright the color is. We can change the entire image or change some of it. In Deluxe, use the magic wand tool to select the place you want to change, and then click the Color/Saturation button under the Quality tab; for photoshop, you can find the corresponding control panel in the Adjust submenu of the Image menu.
If the picture looks too dark, we can use the brightness/contrast dialog (photoshop\Image\Modify menu, Photo Deluxe Advanced Qnality menu) to adjust, just like adjusting the TV, it only changes the color of the image.
We can also adjust image color balance. Acts on several pairs of complementary colors red and blue, green and magenta, blue and yellow. This adjustment is effective when the image is color cast, but use it cautiously because it can easily make our operation out of control. Be sure to carefully observe the manuscript before proceeding and decide what you want to do.
The easiest way to adjust the color balance method (of course, the function is also very weak) is to use the Variation dialog (photoshop- Image-Modify, Deluxe/Advanced/Quality in both photoshop and Deluxe). It dynamically displays the results of various options and can
There are two basic methods for image processing at different points of the vector image bitmap, corresponding to two types of image software: raster image processing and vector image processing.
The software for raster or bitmap processing is the process of operating on each pixel; it stores the image by recording the position, color, and other characteristics of each pixel in the image. If you zoom in on an image, you can see each pixel with the naked eye. Adobe Photoshop is such software.
Adobe Illustrator and Macromedia Freehand are vector-based drawing software. Instead of describing the image pixel by pixel, they mathematically describe the lines (vectors are length-directional lines) to represent graphic images. This kind of image output quality is independent of the resolution. No matter how it is zoomed in or out, its edges are always smooth.
Based on bitmap-based software, creating images is very easy and can also be used to color correct images, such as photo images. But when it comes to resolution, trouble comes, such as the jagged edges of the landscape. If you want to print out the image, you must use a resolution higher than the number of screen lines to scan, but also note that the increase in file size is basically exponential.
Although the vector-based program does not consider the resolution problem, it is not intuitive to use. When drawing, it is necessary to manipulate the handle to control the curvature of the line, which takes a while to master. And, vector graphics software is best for line drawing, cartoons, etc.
Sometimes vector rasterization is required to import pixel-based image software, even if this is done, the graphics will no longer be independent of resolution. Similarly, most vector software can also import bitmap images to generate the outline effect of a bitmap image. In this way, we can mix two images created by different types of software. Some software, such as Denba's Gauvas 6, can process both bitmap and vector graphics in the same image.
Note that when using vector graphics software for resolution and file size of images, resolution is not a big problem, but care must be taken when using bitmap software. The unit of resolution, dpi, is the number of pixels per inch of length. The more pixels there are, the higher the resolution and the more refined the image looks. If the pixel is viewed as an information unit of the image, the higher the resolution, the larger the file size stored.
If you do a web page, you need to know that the resolution on the monitor is 72ppi, then the resolution of the image is determined at this value. If you want to print it in the actual size of the image, the resolution of the image should be set to twice the number of printed screens (in lines/inch-lpi). For the number of output screens, it is best to refer to the printer manual used. Here are some reference options. For a 600dpi printer, the number of screens is 85, and the image resolution should be 170ppi. However, there is no fixed relation between dpi and lpi. For example, the number of printer network cables at 1200 dpi can be 105 lpi. As a reminder, do not confuse dpi (dot/inch) with ppi (pixel/inch). The pixel is the smallest unit displayed on a computer monitor, and the dot is the smallest unit the printer can print on paper.
One thing to note is that if you change the resolution in photoshop's "Image Size" dialog and select the "Resample Image" item, PhotoShop will change the number of pixels in the image. For example, there is a "5*7" image with a resolution of 166 ppi and a size of 2.76 MB. If you select "Resample Image" and change the resolution to 72 ppi, we will get a constant size. , But with reduced resolution images, the file is only 532K. Maybe this is exactly what we want. But be aware that by doing this, we can no longer increase the resolution, that is, we can not restore the original quality - because you have lost a lot of information, which can be seen from the size of the file. If you change the resolution by 72ppi and you do not select the "Resample Image" item, the size of the image will change to approximately 16*11, but the number of pixels will remain unchanged and the file size will still be 2.76MB.
Flexible use of masked masks is usually the first step in achieving the final results. If you previously used a mask to cover the image area, you will be very clear about this concept.
We can think of the mask as a precise selection area. You can process all elements in or out of the selection area or use this selection area to change other images. For example, if you want to turn a dog into blue without changing other parts, using a mask is the best way. The mask can also take out part of the image and place it in other images.
There is no masking tool in Adobe Photp Deluxe, but its smart selection tool can sometimes play the same role. We can use intelligent selection tools to select a certain area of ​​the image and delete the rest to place the selected part in other images.
Photoshot's masking function is very powerful, but it is also complex. There are two ways to change the selection area into a mask like Delux: First, use the pen tool to go along the part you want to select. Create a path and turn it into a selection area from the path pop-up menu. After becoming a selection area, you can arbitrarily change it in this area without worrying about affecting the outside of the selection area. You can also perform an inverse selection (shitt+commandc+I) and delete the background.
Photoshop also has a quick masking method that can roughly check the shape of the selection and modify it carefully. First, make an approximate selection and select the object. Then click the quick mask icon on the toolbar or press the Q key to enter the quick mask mode. We can use black strokes to add the red part (non-selection area). You can use white strokes to draw to increase the selection area - that is, increase the editable section. This approach is intuitive and reduces the number of keystrokes when making a precise selection. As in Del, it can modify inaccurate selections. For example, you can add a few strokes to make a human head more precise. You can also use gray strokes to form a transparent mask that hides the edges of the image.
You can also create masks in vector drawing software such as Adobe Illustrator. Let's make a text with a fill pattern (of course, the graphics will be your favorite). First, use the Text tool to enter text, set the word size and font, then draw a rectangle and click on the pattern in the stroke panel. The pattern is overlaid on the text (actually, the text is masked and the pattern is covered). Both are selected and the pattern is on the top. There is also a simple method, click the text, hold down shift, click on the pattern where there is no overlap with the text, and then execute the Make Mask command on the line.
Applying layer layers is like a stack of transparent tracing papers. The difference is that you can draw on each layer and individually adjust the transparency and other characteristics of each layer. You can place different objects on each layer and operate on each layer without affecting other layers. You can also use layers to adjust the context of objects. If you only want to observe a layer without being affected by other layers, you can click the eye icon in front of other layers to temporarily hide this layer. This method is very versatile in layers. When there are many layers, it is useful for observing an object. With layers, many tasks such as merging, clipping, and other special effects, such as shadows, are easier to do.
Some vector graphics software also has layers. This layer feature is useful when operating on complex objects. We can lock a layer to avoid inadvertently changing its position or shape.
Layers can also be used in the tracing process. Select Place in the File menu in Illustrator, select the image you want to trace, and click the Template option. This will create a new layer (no matter what you want to draw), it is locked (it cannot be changed) and it is gray. At this point you can draw with a pen or pencil or an automatic drawing tool, but the automatic drawing tool is only suitable for the drawing of a tube.
In Macromedia FreeHand, you can use the Import command under the File menu. Just like Illustrator, you can use FreeHand's description tool to draw your own picture.
Familiar with the channel of all color images in photoshop, are composed of 3 to 4 images - RGB format, is the red, green, yellow three images, corresponding to the three primary colors of each pixel on the display, - CMYK format The image is divided into four parts: blue, green, yellow, and black, corresponding to the printed four-color ink.
We can see these separate channels in the channel panel (adjacent to the layered canvas).
When viewing color pictures, all channels are active. If only one channel is selected, the image will have only one color component. In the RGB mode, the blank part is where the corresponding colors are many. The black part has less color; (MYK) is exactly the opposite. When multiple channels are activated (click by shift), you will see mixed images of several colors. By mastering the channels, you can easily create color effects and correct color casts.
Familiar with the channel, can handle some problems in the scanning process. If the scanned image is clear, some ghosting may be the cause of the misalignment of a color channel—a blurry halo or ghosting can be seen when you look at it. Select the aura color channel, if it really deviates, use the Move tool to drag it to the right place.
Correcting the color of the image The most common function of the bitmap software is to correct the color of the scanned image or picture. For example, after scanning a portrait of a person, the face looks green, or the picture is too dark, which requires color correction.
There are two basic methods of color correction - automatic adjustment of color or adjustment of color attribute values. If you do not want to bother, many image processing software has specialized automation tools to adjust the color. Deluxe has a button to easily repair old photos, we can also use Instant, Fix command to do more adjustments. If you want to change the color properties of the image, you can adjust the HSB (chroma, saturation, lightness) values ​​of the image. HUE (chroma) indicates hue; saturation Saturation indicates the degree of vivid color; lightness indicates how bright the color is. We can change the entire image or change some of it. In Deluxe, use the magic wand tool to select the place you want to change, and then click the Color/Saturation button under the Quality tab; for photoshop, you can find the corresponding control panel in the Adjust submenu of the Image menu.
If the picture looks too dark, we can use the brightness/contrast dialog (photoshop\Image\Modify menu, Photo Deluxe Advanced Qnality menu) to adjust, just like adjusting the TV, it only changes the color of the image.
We can also adjust image color balance. Acts on several pairs of complementary colors red and blue, green and magenta, blue and yellow. This adjustment is effective when the image is color cast, but use it cautiously because it can easily make our operation out of control. Be sure to carefully observe the manuscript before proceeding and decide what you want to do.
The easiest way to adjust the color balance method (of course, the function is also very weak) is to use the Variation dialog (photoshop- Image-Modify, Deluxe/Advanced/Quality in both photoshop and Deluxe). It dynamically displays the results of various options and can
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