Induced pluripotent stem cells have the function to differentiate into any type of cells in vivo, which provides a powerful research tool for drug research and regenerative medicine. However, at present, it is not easy to induce induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into specific cells on a large scale in the laboratory. To address this challenge, a stem cell research group at A * STAR Singapore has developed a new method of cell differentiation. Using this technique, induced pluripotent stem cells proliferate in the 3D bioreactor and effectively travel neural progenitor cells. "This method is a huge boost for the growing cell therapy and drug screening industry. It can also be used to repeatedly produce a large number of cells for transplantation and drug development," A * STAR, who led the study According to Steve Oh, a scientist at the Institute of Biotechnology.
Steve Oh and his colleagues used a "microcarrier" platform to conduct their research. The microcarrier platform is a platform they previously developed to cultivate human embryonic stem cells. The cells grow on small solid particles in a 3D suspension system. They optimized this technology for human induced pluripotent stem cells and confirmed that placing the protein-coated cylindrical microcarriers in shake flasks to cultivate the cells, and changing the medium once a day can produce 20 times more reprogrammed stem cells. This yield is higher than that of any other reported batch cell culture methods.
In general, the cultured induced pluripotent stem cells then need to undergo painstaking operations on petri dishes to form more specific cells. In the new 3D device, as long as the growth medium is simply modified, the researchers can induce stem cells into neural progenitor cells with an efficiency of up to 85%. Using this technique, each induced pluripotent stem cell can produce 333 neural progenitor cells, while in the classic 2D culture technique, each initial induced pluripotent stem cell can only produce 53 neural progenitor cells. Steve Oh said that microcarrier culture provides a larger surface area for cell growth, and the system can accommodate more cells to increase yield. Steve Oh's team then induced neural progenitor cells to generate many different types of brain cells, including neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Steve Oh explained that in the future such nerve cells can be used to treat Parkinson's disease, and oligodendrocytes can be used for transplantation to treat spinal injuries.
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