Third, the classification of Chinese traditional auspicious patterns
In order to facilitate the in-depth study of Chinese traditional auspicious designs, people classify them into different category systems according to various criteria. Among them, the more common classification criteria are: based on an auspicious pattern of applied carriers, they can be divided into architectural decorative designs (eg, Stone carving, brick printing, wood painting, etc.) Furniture decoration, printing and dyeing embroidery patterns, porcelain patterns, lacquerware patterns, painted pottery patterns. According to the theme of the auspicious patterns can be divided into characters, birds and other animals, plants, text, geometric lines, utensils and other combinations. Here, this article tries to use the aesthetic features of the auspicious patterns as the standard and divides them into the following categories.
1. The use of Chinese homophonic
Every Chinese encounters festive auspiciousness and prefers to discuss "mouth-shaking." One of the important features of Chinese is applied: Chinese characters have many similar pronunciations and different meanings. The use of Chinese homophonic sounds can be used as a form of auspicious meaning, which is widely used in auspicious designs. For example, a dragonfly and nine fallen leaves constitute “living in peace†(leaving fallen leaves); fish homonym “Yuâ€, Xin Xiong Yin “Qing†Mei’s homophonic “browâ€, and Xipi Dai “Hi†peanuts “sheng†and so on. Each of the above examples can be used to form auspicious patterns such as "Ji Qing Yu Yu," "Happy Brow", "Early Birth of a Child" (date, peanut, Gui Yuan, lotus seed) and so on.
2. Use of animal ecological attributes
Many species of animals and plants in the natural world have formed various ecological attributes due to factors such as ecology, environment, conditions, and heredity. People use their metaphors to embody symbols. For example, if a dog does not serve the two main lords as loyal, lambs eat milk and milk as filial piety, the deer does not eat food, and the temperament is more gentle than benevolence. The horse obeys the owner's righteousness. The abstract concepts such as loyalty, filial piety and righteousness advocated by Confucianism have concrete symbols. Another example is the male and female in pairs, inseparable, with male and female squatting and floating surface, that is, "playing water" implies that the husband and wife love.
3. Meaning of representative things
The use of representative things to symbolize auspiciousness and joyfulness is a more direct application of auspicious patterns to materials, giving people the most intuitive impression of blessing. For example, money, jade, ingots, etc. are all symbols of property, and they are applied directly to handicrafts to express their quest for prosperity. Lamps are traditionally festive things. The lanterns are painted with grain, meaning that the grain is abundant and the food is abundant. Pen and ink paintings and poetry paintings are used to symbolize the scholarly accords and literary talents. The auspicious motifs with religious origins are typical examples of the auspicious use of various representative objects. More common are Taoist "light and dark eight immortals" and Buddhist "eight treasures" and "eight auspicious."
4. The direct application of auspicious words
The text itself is very decorative, and its various variants or calligraphic forms have a strong performance tension. Therefore, directly decorating the auspicious text on the object is a good expression means. Commonly used auspicious texts include the words "fu", "lu", "shou" and "xi". Their auspicious designs are an important branch of Chinese traditional auspicious designs. A variety of calligraphy or variant forms can be used to create "Baifu", "Baaluo", "Baishou" and "Baixi" maps, often combined with indoor art or screen sculptures to reflect the art of calligraphy and ethnic art. Traditional culture corresponds to each other and it is quite meaningful.
5. The application of ancient poetic paintings
The ancient test word song has a long history, precipitation is deep, often borrowed from the law, the method of revitalizing, borrowing material to express aspiration, thinking broad as wild crane line cloud, these features are cleverly borrowed from the auspicious pattern, you can create a strong cultural atmosphere. For example, some people in the ancient world “have a good relationship with people, such as entering the room of Zhilan, but their smells and fragrances will not be heard for a long time.†In auspicious paintings, people are accustomed to using Zhilan with the same purpose as metaphor for gentlemen; the chrysanthemum is open in the autumn, and Lingshuang is resistant to cold. Most literary people sang. People love its delicate charm and give it a noble and strong sentiment. The chrysanthemum in the auspicious pattern is also given the meaning of good luck and longevity. Others, such as the pattern of "falling flowers and flowing water", are similar to the artistic conception of Tang poetry and song.
6. Comprehensive use of a variety of symbolic techniques
There are a lot of auspicious patterns that are the result of art using the above symbolism. The most important feature of a comprehensive approach is that it can give a richer meaning to patterns. Make the work mature and full. For example, the "Three-Multiple Figures" consists of pomegranates, peaches, and bergamots. It means that Duofu (Buddha) has more men (pomegranates and pomegranates) than three men. This symbolizes a happy and beautiful life.
Fourth, the traditional Chinese auspicious patterns of the molding characteristics
Under the premise of following the general principles of change and unification, the traditional auspicious patterns of China have the following prominent aspects of styling characteristics:
1. Representation theme, abstract application
The main themes in the auspicious designs are taken directly or indirectly from animals and plants, utensils and utensils that are common in nature and civilian life. These figurative things, auspicious patterns are not limited by the specific image in the modeling, and often obey the visual pleasure, and break through the ordinary cage, reflecting the abstract form of artistic beauty.
2. Symmetry and Equilibrium are Compositional Manipulations
The auspicious pattern often has a center line (or center point) in which left, right, up, down, or all sides (three, four, or more sides) are arranged with patterns of the same shape, same color, same or different shapes (colors), but the same or similar amounts. The form of composition is called symmetrical and balanced composition. Among them, symmetry and asymmetry are based on the situation in which the pattern takes up spatial position. It accounts for the layout of the auspicious pattern organizational units; and the equilibrium and disequilibrium refer to the distribution of forces in each part of the pattern, which determines the auspicious pattern. The balance of beauty, through symmetry and balanced composition techniques, auspicious patterns show the general depiction of different patterns of visual effects, more organized, which is an important prerequisite for auspicious patterns with decorative attributes.
3. Complex changes, disorderly order
The complexity of traditional patterns is different from modern art. However, the complexity of traditional auspicious patterns is different from that of modern applied art patterns. However, the complexity of traditional auspicious patterns is not a simple list, but a simple repetition. More attention is paid to the rhythm and rhythm in contrasting and melody, contrasting and harmonizing, and organizing the coordination of density, size, primary and secondary, virtual reality, motion and static, and gathering, so as to achieve overall unity and local change, and local change obeys the whole, namely "Sequences in chaos" and "Quiet in the middle". This has increased the level and connotation of the auspicious patterns, but from the point of view of decorative applications, its requirements for processing technology are obviously more demanding.
... "Auspicious," which means to indicate the sign of good luck and auspiciousness. The words "Zhuangzi interpersonal world": "The imaginary room is white, and the auspiciousness is stopped." Cheng Xuanying sparsely: "the good person, the good things; the sacred person, the Jiaqing sign." When ancient times, there was the good things, Jiaqing’s appeal appeals to the forms of sensibility manifestation, namely paintings, commonly known as “auspicious figures†or “ruiying plansâ€. As early as the jade carvings and bronze wares of the Yin Zhou period, this was the origin of the "auspicious pattern" or "implication pattern." For example, in the bronze ware of the Shang Dynasty unearthed in Pinggu, Beijing, and Zhengzhou, Henan, there are often fish patterns that end with end to end, reflecting that people at that time had given the fish a symbol of “good luck†or “auspiciousness†and used “fish. The real existence of this biological form of the "abdomen" has sent people to pray for more children and more blessings. In later generations, such images with "auspicious" allegorism were just like the hope of "auspicious" meaning: "The mellowness of the plague" continued. Such as the bronze mirror of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period, the Qin and Han Dynasties, the portrait stone, the South and North Korea cave paintings, the Sui and Tang dynasties, stone carvings, Song Dynasty ceramics, brocade, etc., are all rich and wonderful "auspicious" images or "auspicious" designs. The aesthetic cultural connotation and formal beauty expression features of “auspicious†design are the “Wu Rui Tu†drawn by Han Hongdi’s Liu Hongjian’s four years (AD 171). The left is Huanglong and the right is Bailu. Under the left two trees and four "links", in the first Jiahe, nine stems of Health; right there is a tree, the next person to raise the plate "Dew", is China's earliest auspicious patterns. In addition, Sun Liang, the chief of the Three Kingdoms Kingdoms, made glass screens and used the "Rui Yingtu" on Shangyu, which could amount to as many as 120 species. After 1 Yuan, the auspicious patterns were widely popular among the people. When the Ming and Qing Dynasties became popular, they became a popular folk phenomenon. It is commonly known as "The map must be intentional and the meaning must be auspicious." The auspicious patterns at this time, in addition to still being used for construction, rutting, and daily necessities, have shifted the center of application to the form of apparel aesthetic culture such as fabrics and hats. We have a general understanding and understanding of the auspicious designs so that we can make a descriptive provision for the auspicious designs.
The auspicious pattern is the use of homophonic sounds, embedded characters, symbols, symbols, or expressions such as "Historiography", metaphor, or "Biede" and other traditional techniques. It adopts traditional paintings 2 or twin colors, ball paths, chains, and arches. , Hanwa, Eight Rhyme, Four-way Symmetrical Continuity (that is, “Four-way Continuousâ€) and other traditional composition styles, and are used in the appearance of ceramic aesthetic cultural phenomena to express the aesthetic connotations such as the blessing of goodness and the celebration of Jiaqing. Decorative pattern.