I. Current situation and development trend of domestic paper industry
Due to the influence of raw materials, major paper mills in the world adopted the method of compressing production, increasing paper prices, and opening up international distribution channels. As a result, paper and pulp demand and prices have risen rapidly, rising by nearly US$80/ton. As a result, people in the international industry speculate that the rise in pulp will inevitably lead to a general increase in the price of paper, especially for whiteboard paper and newsprint with high consumption, which will increase by more than 15%-20%. Some pulp and paper industry powers will target this momentum and open up their financial resources. Conversely, some inability to produce paper and pulp producing countries will be affected by them and increase the burden on imports.
The strong rebound in international pulp prices and changes in the international market's industry trends have quickly affected the Chinese market. In recent years, considering the protection of the environment and the quality of papermaking, China forced the closure of a large number of small paper mills. At the same time, adjustments were made to large and medium-sized paper mills. Paper production has become relatively stable, but it has also taken a lot of time for reconstruction. Paper mills and the addition of sewage projects have led to the rapid consumption of paper stocks. With the rapid development of China’s economic construction and cultural undertakings, the export of packaging paper for light industry products has grown substantially, and paper for culture, office and daily life has increased year by year. In 1995 alone, the amount of goods exported by the mainland’s light industry was 40 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for about one-third of the total merchandise exports of the entire continent. It is estimated that the export volume of light industrial goods will be 50 billion U.S. dollars in 1998, and the export of packaging paper will increase. Coupled with the increase in consumer paper consumption in various industries, the demand for paper in mainland China will increase rapidly. This trend will surely promote the entire paper industry. development of. Therefore, the consumer sector is eager for the quality of paper to be tougher and more durable than in previous years, thereby reducing the need to import expensive paper.
In 1995, mainland paper and board production reached 24 million tons, ranking third in the world. There are more than 600 varieties of paper and board products. There are more than 50,000 varieties of paper and paperboard in the world. Most of the varieties are developing in high strength and low quantitative direction. Because the mainland is affected by factors such as raw materials, technology, and equipment, the quality and grade of the products are relatively low. There is a big gap between them and they cannot meet market demand. In addition, foreign papermaking industry is developing in the direction of low pollution or no pollution, while paper pollution in the mainland is still very serious. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new products urgently needed in the country, reduce environmental pollution, and meet the needs of economic development and people's lives.
Second, the overall goal and key tasks of technological development
We will focus on the development of high-performance printing and packaging papers to develop high-quality, high-grade paper products.
Customs statistics show that in 1996 mainland China imported a total of 5.159 million tons of paper, paperboard, and paper products, and imported 2.8955 million tons of papermaking materials, pulp, and waste paper, all of which set a record high for the entire calendar year. Billion US dollars, which does not include smuggled paper and pulp. In recent years, the smuggling of pulp and paper in the coastal areas has been quite serious.
China National Light Industry Association recently negotiated with the State Development Planning Commission on the expected objectives of China's paper products: annual output of machine paper and paperboard reached 25 to 26 million tons, of which 12 million tons were required for mechanism paper, and 1300 to 1400 for machine board. Ten thousand tons. It is estimated that by 2010, the net increase in papermaking demand will be 1.5 million tons. From the perspective of China’s economic construction, cultural undertakings, and the development of people’s living needs, it is still difficult to meet this demand. In other words, the net increase in demand for the paper market in mainland China in 1996 was all “filled in†by imported paper. In the next four years, the net increase in paper market demand will be at least 6 million tons. As far as the quality of paper supplied by the market is concerned, thin paper is better than cardboard, imported paper is better than domestic paper, and medium-to-high-grade paper is generally better than mid-to-low paper. Therefore, the mainland paper mills should develop and vigorously produce paper products with large market demand, develop innovative paper products, accelerate market adjustment and circulation, and import certain urgently needed paper products, in an effort to balance supply and demand.
1. Competitive disadvantage varieties
(1) Newsprint In 1996, the import volume of newsprint soared from 47,100 tons in 1995 to 357,300 tons, a net increase of 309,200 tons, and imports were more than 1/3 of the domestic demand. The quality of imported newsprint is good and the price is low. After the country adjusted the tariff in 1997, the price is still 300~500 yuan (RMB) per ton higher than that of domestic paperboard. With the update and reconstruction of newspaper printing machinery, newsprint color offset printing, imported newsprint will be more sought after. .
(2) Coated paper In 1996, the production enterprises of coated paper from the mainland were severely affected by imported paper, especially smuggled paper, and most of them suffered losses, half-opening and half-stopping. Customs statistics imported coated paper has an overwhelming advantage in the mainland market, and mainland coated paper has a small scale of production. With low technical content and poor quality base paper, it is difficult to compete with imported paper.
(3) Kraft paper and paper bag paper, kraft paperboard and kraft paperboard These two types of paper are all packaging materials, and the market demand in recent years is relatively large. In 1996, the import volume reached 517,400 tons and 1,106,100 tons respectively, and the import growth rate was about 48%. Due to the lack of timber resources on the mainland, the cost of natural wood pulp is high, and the product quality and grade are low. The high-end packaging paper market will continue to play a major role in imported paper.
2. Competitive advantage products
(1) Cigarette paper China is a large cigarette country and consumes about 9 tons of cigarette paper each year. Since 1990, cigarette paper production companies have vigorously introduced advanced technologies, adjusted the structure of their raw materials, and used resources such as whiskers and rushes, and their quality has been continuously improved. In 1996, the output reached more than 80,000 tons, and the import volume decreased from 0.89 million tons in 1995 to 0.6 million tons. Domestic enterprises are very optimistic about occupying the cigarette market.
(2) Whiteboard Paper With the successful production of the Ningbo Whiteboard Paper Factory, domestic enterprises have successively introduced a large number of coated whiteboard production technologies and quickly formed a production capacity of approximately 500,000 tons. The import volume of coated white paperboard decreased from 490,900 tons in 1995 to 420,500 tons in 1996. During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, domestic coated white paperboard continued to expand its advantages and competed in the high-grade coated white paperboard market.
(3) Printing and Writing Paper Although the import volume still increased by 8.5% in 1996 from 199,200 tons in 1995 to 212,200 tons in 1996, the total demand from the domestic market was 230. With a share of ~2.5 million tons, the import volume is still less than 10%. In the “Ninth Five-Year Plan†period, the mainland paper industry faced three major constraints on capital, environmental protection, and raw materials. Moreover, the mainland papermaking market is self-sufficient in its past, present, or future. By 2000, in addition to the 5 million tons market already occupied by imported paper, there was still a gap of 6 million tons in the market supply. For this reason, the international paper merchants attached great importance to the Chinese mainland market. In 1996, the explosion of imported paper that people explode greatly stimulated the appetite of foreign businessmen. Whether the mainland paper industry can cut half of the market cake and win the next 3 million tons of market will face a severe challenge.
Third, the main technical development content and indicators
1. Low-quantity newsprint solves the issue of low-throughput and low-strength due to the quantitative reduction of paper, and develops low-quantity newsprint that can be widely promoted. Main indicators: Quantitative 45g/m2, vertical fracture degree>=3000M, transverse tear index>4MN·M, opacity>=90%.
2. Low-quantity coated paper focuses on thick paper, coating process and related equipment issues. Main indicators: quantitative <=65g/m2, whiteness>=73%, smoothness>=300s, printing gloss>=80%. Surface strength <=1M/S.
3. Super Calendered Paper Developed SC paper for gravure printing and SC paper for offset printing, focusing on filler retention and paper strength issues. The main indicators: quantitative 55 ~ 75g/m2, filler content> = 25%, smoothness> = 500s, surface strength> 1M / S, opacity> = 88%.
4. Catering paperboard Develop disposable fast-food paper instead of imports, focusing on solving the board's strength, uniformity and anti-oil, waterproof performance. The main indicators: quantitative 220 ~ 330g/m2, folding resistance> = 30 times, stiffness (vertical)> = 20MNM, horizontal> = 15MNM, COBB water absorption value (printing surface) 60g/m2, (oil surface 55g/m2 ).
5. Research and development of functional paper and paperboard Develop paper products with unique functions, such as high-quality thermal and pressure-sensitive base paper, agricultural breeding paper, and frozen food packaging board.
Fourth, domestic and foreign new thin cardboard
A British company developed a new type of cardboard packaging box, which is mainly used for office paper packaging. The tissue box is divided into upper and lower two separate parts: the lower part occupies about 1/3 of the height of the entire carton, and the two sides on the lower side have two handles; the upper part is made into a full-height square shell, and the shell is Insert the lower part of the carton and the wrapped paper will not fall off. When using paper. Just remove the upper part to open the carton, there is no shelter around, and the number of paper and paper is very convenient.
After two years of hard work, the two engineers of the Paper Research Institute of Liaoning Province, Chen Wenxuan and Chen Wenzhong, repeatedly trial-produced and finally developed a successful cardboard composite machine. The cardboard machine produces cardboard without pollution, opening up a new way for cardboard production. This invention won a gold medal at the 6th China Patent New Technology and New Products Expo held by the State Patent Office. At the site, we saw 60g/m2 single-sided offset paper and 240g/m2 ordinary corrugated base paper compounded into 1600mm wide and 305g/m2 basis weight. This is very smooth. Like coated white paperboard, many papermaking experts and users are surprised. The entire production process only uses tap water for tapping and no water at all, no drainage, no pollution at all.
Cardboard laminating machine can make use of different grades of paper or paperboard to complement each other, and improve product quality and performance at the most reasonable cost. Such as the use of high strength (high folding strength) Kraft packaging paper or cement bag paper and low folding strength (only 1 to 6 times) and high ring compression strength and stiffness of hardwood semi-chemical pulp composite, composite cardboard Strength and performance can be compared with Class B high-strength Kraft board. In 1996, the imports of such kraft paperboard from the mainland were 1,061,100 tons. In 1997, the import volume was far more than in 1996, which shows that the market potential is large.
Cardboard laminating machine is a new project with low investment, energy saving, no pollution, and high profit. Currently, many paper mills are shutting down. Transferring production in this area to meet the needs of the packaging industry will be a very feasible new way for China's national conditions.
V. Economic, Social Benefits and Market Prospects
The consumption level of paper and paperboard is an important symbol to measure the economic and cultural development level of a country. Per capita consumption of paper and board in mainland China has great market potential. Most domestic varieties have low quality and grades and it is difficult to meet the needs of the domestic market. In recent years, the number of various types of paper imported by the mainland has continuously increased, exceeding 5 million tons in 1996. Therefore, research and development of new products to improve product quality and self-sufficiency rate can not only meet the needs of the domestic market, but also can save a lot of foreign exchange, there are obvious economic and social benefits.
Linkand Co., Ltd. , http://www.csceramics.com