Farmers who grow cowpeas have encountered a headache problem - "rust", which is the most common disease of legume crops. No one, the disease will develop into reddish brown powder on the surface of the leaves in the middle and late stages. The leaves are rusted and affect the yield of cowpeas in severe cases. So, today I will tell you about the cause and prevention of cowpea rust.
First, the pathogen
Puccinia graminis
Second, the symptoms
It mainly invades the leaves and sometimes infects stems, vines, petioles and pods. The initial symptoms appear on the back of the leaf, which is a small white bulge. These spots gradually enlarge to form a reddish-brown blister, surrounded by a yellow halo, and after the epidermis ruptures, a large amount of reddish-brown powder, i.e., urediospores, is released. After that, purple-black freckles, that is, teliospores, are produced in the summer spore heap or around. Sometimes the leaf surface or the back surface is slightly convex white erythema, that is, the rust cavity of the pathogen. The pod is infected, and the epidermis is formed. When the epidermis is broken, brown spore powder is released, that is, teliospores and teliospores.
Cowpea rust, those things you don't know. 3. Propagation and epidemics use winter spores to overwinter on sick bodies. When germinated, they produce burdens and basi spores. The spores invade the host to form a rust cavity stage, and produce rust spores to infuse the beans. And the formation of the porphyry spore heap, the summer spores spread by airflow, and repeated infection. High temperature and high humidity are the main reasons for the occurrence of bean rust. The condensation on the surface of the host and the water droplets on the leaf surface are prerequisites for the germination and invasion of the spores. The suitable temperature for germination of summer spores is 16-22 °C, and the suitable temperature for invasion is 15-24 °C. The average daily temperature is 24.5 ° C, the relative humidity is 84%, and the incubation period is 9 to 12 days. Kidney beans enter the flowering and pod-forming period, the temperature is about 20 °C, the temperature difference between high-humidity and day-night is large, and the time of dew condensation is long. Variety resistance is different, and dwarf varieties are more resistant than vines. There is no disease in the seedling stage, and the incidence of autumn sowing beans and continuous crops is heavier.
Cowpea rust, those things you don't know. 4. Prevention and treatment opinions 1. The varieties that use disease-resistant and disease-resistant varieties to resist rust include Xinxiu No.1, Qifeng No.1, Jiupebai, Lulong, Luba, Qiubei No.6 , fine flowers, etc., are very good disease-resistant varieties.
2. The rotation of the disease can be long-term survival in the soil alone or with the diseased tissue, becoming a source of infection. Seriously ill plots can be used for crop rotation for more than three years with non-legume crops, which can effectively reduce the chance of disease.
3. Improve the planting method and change the cultivation to high ridge cultivation, which is conducive to ventilation, prevent accumulation of water in the field, reduce leaf surface condensation and improve field microclimate.
4, strengthen the field management, timely weeding and weeding the first weeding, after transplanting live or seedling height 7 ~ 10cm, moderate tillage should be shallow, to avoid root injury. The second time was carried out before the plant was sealed, and the topsoil was shallow. After the third time with the pod, remove the weeds, remove the old roots and promote ventilation. The fourth time after the end of the picking, combined with the clean pastoral, the dead branches and sick leaves are burned or piled up as fertilizer, and deep squatting is laid to lay the foundation for cultivating strong seedlings in the coming year.
5, reasonable close planting, timely seedling according to the density test, planting 6500 ~ 8500 plants per 667 square meters is the best, can prevent disease and increase production, after transplanting live, when the seedling height is 10cm, the lack of trees, should be timely replenished.
6, reasonable topdressing, combined with each cultivating and weeding.
7, timely drainage, timely irrigation from July to August in case of high temperature drying and drought, should be timely drought-resistant seedlings. After each picking, it is necessary to water the soil in time to facilitate the sprouting of new seedlings. After heavy rain, it is necessary to clear the ditch and drain in time to reduce the humidity in the field and reduce the occurrence of diseases.
8. Topping the top of the heart, increasing the production and increasing the frequency of sending and receiving diseases. Selecting the top buds of the diseased plants on sunny days can promote multi-branches and increase yield. The seedlings of the ramets are slower to grow and the density is also thinner. By topping, the growth of the side branches can be promoted, the density is increased, and the yield is increased.
9. Chemical control According to the test results, the initial stage of the disease can be sprayed with 0.5° stone sulfur mixture, and the dilution liquid is 100-150kg per 667 square meters. After the onset, use 50% dinitrogen powder (Zero Lingling) WP wettable powder 150 ~ 200 times liquid control. At the peak of the onset, 25% of the powder rust WP wettable powder, 50% carbendazim WP wettable powder or 50% bacteriostatic WP wettable powder were sprayed with 1000 times liquid respectively, and the control effect was 79.0%, 75.5. %, 70.9%. Therefore, the peak incidence period is 25% of the powder rust WP1000 times spray, the best effect. Generally, the combination of agricultural control and chemical control is more effective.
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