Editor's note: Every discovery made by scientists is a new progress for human beings. This time, the researchers discovered the highest-energy neutrino observation records in the “Ice Cube†neutrino observatory of the Antarctic scientific research station. The attention of neutrinos is increasing. The Ice Cube Neutrino Observatory is equipped with an advanced optical sensor array that can detect collisions between neutrinos and ice particles. Therefore, neutrino detectors usually need to be buried deep underground, and their area is also very large.
Ice cube detector found the largest neutrino event
Scientists believe that the two neutrinos discovered this time are probably from outside the solar system, that is, the supernova explosion in the direction of the Large Magellanic Cloud. The Ice Cube Neutrino Observatory is equipped with an advanced optical sensor array that can detect neutrinos and ice particles. The collision between them can release enough powerful Cherenkov radiation, and the energy can reach the level of 100 megaelectron volts. Researchers at the Ice Cube Neutrino Observatory hope that high-energy cosmic rays from outside the solar system can unravel the mysteries of neutrinos. This mystery has puzzled scientists for nearly a century. As early as the 1930s, scientists have discovered evidence of the existence of neutrinos. Because neutrinos hardly interact with other substances, neutrino detectors usually need to be buried deep underground, and their area is also very large.
The neutrino detector located at the South Pole is about 2.4 kilometers below the ice layer, avoiding the interference of sunlight. At the same time, using the ice layer as a test site for neutrino collisions is conducive to increasing the observation area of ​​neutrino collisions. The module sensor can record the neutrino trajectory through the detector. If researchers can finally discover the source of neutrinos, then they will also discover where cosmic rays originated. Since the establishment of the Ice Cube Neutrino Observatory, neutrinos received on Earth will leave information. From these data, researchers can carefully look for collision events of neutrinos.
Scientists observed "ghost particles" neutrinos in space
Scientists presented this latest analysis at the Ice Cube Particle Astrophysics Symposium held last week at the University of Wisconsin. The ice cube, which mainly monitors one cubic kilometer of ice in Antarctica, discovered 26 neutrinos with an energy of approximately 50 trillion electron volts between May 2010 and May 2012. The probability that this monitoring result is purely accidental is about 0.004%. "This is not statistical fluctuation," said Francis Halzen, a physics professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
About half of the observed events belong to the so-called atmospheric neutrinos, which are mainly produced by cosmic rays entering the upper atmosphere of the earth, but the remaining neutrinos may come from outside the solar system, ice cube team members, New Jersey Thomas Gaisser of the University of Delaware in Newark, California said.
One of the most critical indicators is the distribution of different types of neutrinos. Neutrinos appear in three forms: μ meson, τ meson and electron. When they travel through space, they will change from one form, or oscillation, to another form. The number of muons produced by atmospheric processes is more than double that of electrons. However, the events monitored by Ice Cube found that the number of different types of neutrinos was the same. "This is a typical neutrino beam that oscillates for quite a long distance."
Although the number of neutrinos detected by the latest Ice Cube was too small to provide information about its direction, Herren stated that his research team was actively dealing with the unanalyzed data collected after May 2012 data. "We still have a lot of data to process, and a lot of research is in progress, and there will be results either this year or next year," Hirren said. "You can't imagine the excitement that this kind of research collaboration brings."
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