Cave-recorded explorations in Chinese history began in the Ming Dynasty Xu Xiake. The Englishman Joseph Needham called Xu's writings rather than the writings of intellectuals in the 17th century, as it was recorded in fieldwork in the 20th century. Unfortunately, he did not paint the next cave drawings. I do not know whether it was lost or did he not think of it at that time? After Xu Xiake, China's cave exploration was scarce, so the cave became the "last" mystery left behind by China.
Compared with other countries such as Europe and the United States, the number of caves in our country is not commensurate with the number of people engaged in cave exploration activities in China. Shops that specialize in selling cave supplies have not appeared in our country. Some items are only occasionally sold in tourism and sporting goods stores (Note: There are several mountaineering supplies stores in Beijing for sale). In recent years, there have been mass caves in China, such as the first cave organization committee established by Guizhou Geographical Society in 1984; the cave research institute established by South China Normal University in 1987; the Guangxi Liuzhou Cave Association established in 1987 In 1989, the Cave Exploration Department of the China Science Exploration Society was established; and the Cave Research Society established by the China Geological Society in 1991. However, until today, civilian amateur cave hunters are still dying.
In the West, cave exploration has developed into a sport project that has attracted many young people to participate. Participants must first undergo rigorous technical training at the cave school and obtain a certificate before they can participate in the adventure. The certificate holder not only has the ability to explore the cave alone, but also has the ability to rescue others when in distress, as well as the basic skills of measuring cave maps.
Amateurs of cave exploration should first learn and master the basic geological knowledge of caves, conduct cave training skills, and purchase basic equipment for caverns. As caving is going into a dark, unknown world, so. Cave explorers also need to have good psychological qualities, including overcoming fear, mutual cooperation among the players, and scientific understanding of the cave. The caver's mental state is very important. In the European and American cave exploration teams, psychiatrists accompanying the team often serve as caver to determine whether the caver's mental state is normal. The dark and super-quiet underground environment, as well as the difficult cave detection are not always available to everyone. In foreign countries, there have been many experiments conducted by a single person who stayed in a cave environment for a long time. The record was that a French female speleologist stayed in a cave 80 meters deep for 100 days. She broke the world record, but she is also said to have been irritated.
Before entering the cave, you need to visit the inhabitants of the local residents to be aware of them. However, because their descriptions are often superstitious, they cannot be completely believed. It is better to consult an experienced cave expert or consult a large-scale map to go to the cave if possible. At present, some European and American countries have already entered the cave data they have identified into computers, which has greatly facilitated explorers.
Before leaving home, you should tell the family where you are going, the number of people you go, and the time you walk in and out of the hole. The same information should also be written on a piece of paper, placed near the entrance to the entrance, or handed over to the local residents. In case of unexpected events, the outside world can organize rescue in a timely manner.
The basic equipment for caverns includes seats, chests, descenders, ascent devices, foot ropes and compression devices, cow tail ropes, various types of metal rings, helmets, acetylene cans, breathable caving equipment, and equipment kits. There are shared equipment - nylon rope (mostly static rope).
In addition, don't forget to bring a small amount of water, food, and a small amount of trauma medication and tape when entering the hole. Into the hole in the Backpack generally do not exceed 10 kilograms, in order to be one-handed delivery as a standard, the less plug system as possible. It's best to bring a notebook and a simple measuring instrument.
The basic number of people in safety is 3 people. Do not act alone. Do not run and jump while walking inside the cave. The pace of each person's progress depends on the size of the body. It does not necessarily have to step on the footsteps of their predecessors. Don't go in for a strange, tiny hole because it's very likely that you won't be able to drill it.
In order to avoid getting lost, you can take sketch maps or labels with movable objects, or you can pull cords. The most forbidden method is to use pencils or paints to mark the walls of the caves. Because there is no unified symbol system at present, the markings made by the teams who have entered the holes may be confused with one another, and they may increase the risk of getting lost.
Once you get lost in the cave, don’t panic first and don’t bump into it. Do not cross the road to explore, it is easier to lose. The team should be brought together to stabilize emotions, try to do the worst, and save water and food. Each team member is striving to explore the geomorphological features of the time of arrival, starting with the location of the first lost place and making full marks. And use this as a base camp to explore each person's possible path, and return to this point if he is unsuccessful. If the lighting tool is damaged, do not touch the black path. There is no alternative to waiting for the rescue.
If the flame of the acetylene lamp is found to indicate that the oxygen is insufficient or the carbon dioxide content has reached 3%, special attention must be paid at this time. When the carbon dioxide content reaches 10%, the acetylene lamp will be extinguished and it will quickly become fatal. Of course, this situation is not much. At present, only a few caves in Yunnan have been found to have high carbon dioxide content.
In addition, it is best to avoid the rainy season in the hole, in order to prevent the storm water flow cut off the hole road. It is also necessary to avoid water holes, because the level of cave exploration in China is far from the standard of cave exploration. Nine out of ten cave accidents occurred in water caves.
Compared with other countries such as Europe and the United States, the number of caves in our country is not commensurate with the number of people engaged in cave exploration activities in China. Shops that specialize in selling cave supplies have not appeared in our country. Some items are only occasionally sold in tourism and sporting goods stores (Note: There are several mountaineering supplies stores in Beijing for sale). In recent years, there have been mass caves in China, such as the first cave organization committee established by Guizhou Geographical Society in 1984; the cave research institute established by South China Normal University in 1987; the Guangxi Liuzhou Cave Association established in 1987 In 1989, the Cave Exploration Department of the China Science Exploration Society was established; and the Cave Research Society established by the China Geological Society in 1991. However, until today, civilian amateur cave hunters are still dying.
In the West, cave exploration has developed into a sport project that has attracted many young people to participate. Participants must first undergo rigorous technical training at the cave school and obtain a certificate before they can participate in the adventure. The certificate holder not only has the ability to explore the cave alone, but also has the ability to rescue others when in distress, as well as the basic skills of measuring cave maps.
Amateurs of cave exploration should first learn and master the basic geological knowledge of caves, conduct cave training skills, and purchase basic equipment for caverns. As caving is going into a dark, unknown world, so. Cave explorers also need to have good psychological qualities, including overcoming fear, mutual cooperation among the players, and scientific understanding of the cave. The caver's mental state is very important. In the European and American cave exploration teams, psychiatrists accompanying the team often serve as caver to determine whether the caver's mental state is normal. The dark and super-quiet underground environment, as well as the difficult cave detection are not always available to everyone. In foreign countries, there have been many experiments conducted by a single person who stayed in a cave environment for a long time. The record was that a French female speleologist stayed in a cave 80 meters deep for 100 days. She broke the world record, but she is also said to have been irritated.
Before entering the cave, you need to visit the inhabitants of the local residents to be aware of them. However, because their descriptions are often superstitious, they cannot be completely believed. It is better to consult an experienced cave expert or consult a large-scale map to go to the cave if possible. At present, some European and American countries have already entered the cave data they have identified into computers, which has greatly facilitated explorers.
Before leaving home, you should tell the family where you are going, the number of people you go, and the time you walk in and out of the hole. The same information should also be written on a piece of paper, placed near the entrance to the entrance, or handed over to the local residents. In case of unexpected events, the outside world can organize rescue in a timely manner.
The basic equipment for caverns includes seats, chests, descenders, ascent devices, foot ropes and compression devices, cow tail ropes, various types of metal rings, helmets, acetylene cans, breathable caving equipment, and equipment kits. There are shared equipment - nylon rope (mostly static rope).
In addition, don't forget to bring a small amount of water, food, and a small amount of trauma medication and tape when entering the hole. Into the hole in the Backpack generally do not exceed 10 kilograms, in order to be one-handed delivery as a standard, the less plug system as possible. It's best to bring a notebook and a simple measuring instrument.
The basic number of people in safety is 3 people. Do not act alone. Do not run and jump while walking inside the cave. The pace of each person's progress depends on the size of the body. It does not necessarily have to step on the footsteps of their predecessors. Don't go in for a strange, tiny hole because it's very likely that you won't be able to drill it.
In order to avoid getting lost, you can take sketch maps or labels with movable objects, or you can pull cords. The most forbidden method is to use pencils or paints to mark the walls of the caves. Because there is no unified symbol system at present, the markings made by the teams who have entered the holes may be confused with one another, and they may increase the risk of getting lost.
Once you get lost in the cave, don’t panic first and don’t bump into it. Do not cross the road to explore, it is easier to lose. The team should be brought together to stabilize emotions, try to do the worst, and save water and food. Each team member is striving to explore the geomorphological features of the time of arrival, starting with the location of the first lost place and making full marks. And use this as a base camp to explore each person's possible path, and return to this point if he is unsuccessful. If the lighting tool is damaged, do not touch the black path. There is no alternative to waiting for the rescue.
If the flame of the acetylene lamp is found to indicate that the oxygen is insufficient or the carbon dioxide content has reached 3%, special attention must be paid at this time. When the carbon dioxide content reaches 10%, the acetylene lamp will be extinguished and it will quickly become fatal. Of course, this situation is not much. At present, only a few caves in Yunnan have been found to have high carbon dioxide content.
In addition, it is best to avoid the rainy season in the hole, in order to prevent the storm water flow cut off the hole road. It is also necessary to avoid water holes, because the level of cave exploration in China is far from the standard of cave exploration. Nine out of ten cave accidents occurred in water caves.
School Backpack,Black Backpack ,Mini Backpack ,Rucksack Backpack
Backpack ,Sports Caps Co., Ltd. , http://www.nbbackpack.com